Article,
Lensed Type Ia Supernova “Encore” at z = 2: The First Instance of Two Multiply Imaged Supernovae in the Same Host Galaxy
Contributors
Pierel J.D.R.
0000-0002-2361-7201
[1]
Newman A.B.
0000-0001-7769-8660
[2]
Dhawan S.
0000-0002-2376-6979
[3]
Gu M.
0000-0002-4267-9344
[4]
Joshi B.
0000-0002-7593-8584
[5]
Li T.
0009-0005-5008-0381
[6]
Schuldt S.
0000-0003-2497-6334
[7]
[8]
Strolger L.-G.
0000-0002-7756-4440
[1]
Suyu S.H.
0000-0001-5568-6052
[9]
[10]
[11]
Caminha G.B.
0000-0001-6052-3274
[10]
[11]
Cohen S.H.
0000-0003-3329-1337
[12]
Diego J.M.
0000-0001-9065-3926
[13]
DSilva J.C.J.
0000-0002-9816-1931
[14]
[15]
Ertl S.
0000-0002-5085-2143
[10]
[11]
Frye B.
0000-0003-1625-8009
[16]
Granata G.
0000-0002-9512-3788
[7]
[8]
[17]
Grillo C.
0000-0002-5926-7143
[7]
[8]
Koekemoer A.M.
0000-0002-6610-2048
[1]
Li J.
0000-0002-8184-5229
[15]
Robotham A.S.G.
0000-0003-0429-3579
[15]
Summers J.
0000-0002-7265-7920
[12]
Treu T.
0000-0002-8460-0390
[18]
Windhorst R.A.
0000-0001-8156-6281
[12]
Zitrin A.
0000-0002-0350-4488
[19]
Agarwal S.
0000-0002-2350-4610
[20]
Agrawal A.
0009-0008-1965-9012
[21]
Arendse N.
0000-0001-5409-6480
[22]
Belli S.
0000-0002-5615-6018
[23]
Burns C.R.
0000-0003-4625-6629
[2]
Canameras R.
0000-0002-2468-5169
[10]
[11]
Chakrabarti S.
0000-0001-6711-8140
[24]
Chen W.
0000-0003-1060-0723
[25]
Collett T.
0000-0001-5564-3140
[6]
Coulter D.A.
0000-0003-4263-2228
[1]
Ellis R.S.
0000-0001-7782-7071
[26]
Engesser M.
0000-0003-0209-674X
[1]
Foo N.
0000-0002-7460-8460
[12]
Fox O.D.
0000-0003-2238-1572
[1]
Gall C.
0000-0002-8526-3963
[27]
Garuda N.
0000-0003-3418-2482
[16]
Gezari S.
0000-0003-3703-5154
[1]
Gomez S.
0000-0001-6395-6702
[1]
Glazebrook K.
0000-0002-3254-9044
Hjorth J.
0000-0002-4571-2306
[27]
Huang X.
0000-0001-8156-0330
Jha S.W.
0000-0001-8738-6011
Kamieneski P.
0000-0001-9394-6732
[12]
Kelly P.L.
0000-0003-3142-997X
Larison C.
0000-0003-2037-4619
Moustakas L.A.
0000-0003-3030-2360
Pascale M.
0000-0002-2282-8795
[20]
Perez-Fournon I.
0000-0002-2807-6459
Petrushevska T.
0000-0003-4743-1679
Poidevin F.
0000-0002-5391-5568
Rest A.
0000-0002-4410-5387
[1]
[5]
Shahbandeh M.
0000-0002-9301-5302
[1]
Shajib A.J.
0000-0002-5558-888X
Siebert M.R.
0000-0003-2445-3891
[1]
Storfer C.
0000-0002-0385-0014
Wang Q.
0000-0001-5233-6989
[5]
Wevers T.
0000-0002-4043-9400
[1]
Zenati Y.
0000-0002-0632-8897
[1]
[5]
Affiliations
- [1] Space Telescope Science Institute [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [2] Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [3] Institute of Astronomy [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [4] University of Hong Kong
- [5] Johns Hopkins University [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
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Abstract
A bright (m = 24 mag), z = 1.95 supernova (SN) candidate was discovered in JWST/NIRCam imaging acquired on 2023 November 17. The SN is quintuply imaged as a result of strong gravitational lensing by a foreground galaxy cluster, detected in three locations, and remarkably is the second lensed SN found in the same host galaxy. The previous lensed SN was called “Requiem,” and therefore the new SN is named “Encore.” This makes the MACS J0138.0−2155 cluster the first known system to produce more than one multiply imaged SN. Moreover, both SN Requiem and SN Encore are Type Ia SNe (SNe Ia), making this the most distant case of a galaxy hosting two SNe Ia. Using parametric host fitting, we determine the probability of detecting two SNe Ia in this host galaxy over a ∼10 yr window to be ≈3%. These observations have the potential to yield a Hubble constant (H ) measurement with ∼10% precision, only the third lensed SN capable of such a result, using the three visible images of the SN. Both SN Requiem and SN Encore have a fourth image that is expected to appear within a few years of ∼2030, providing an unprecedented baseline for time-delay cosmography.
