Article, 2024
Euclid: Identifying the reddest high-redshift galaxies in the Euclid Deep Fields with gradient-boosted trees
Astronomy and Astrophysics, ISSN 0004-6361, Volume 685, 10.1051/0004-6361/202348737
Contributors
Signor T. 0009-0003-5121-3567 [1] [2] Rodighiero G. 0000-0002-9415-2296 [2] [3] Bisigello L. 0000-0003-0492-4924 [2] [3] Bolzonella M. 0000-0003-3278-4607 [4] Caputi K.I. 0000-0001-8183-1460 [5] [6] Daddi E. 0000-0002-3331-9590 [7] De Lucia G. 0000-0002-6220-9104 [8] Enia A. 0000-0002-0200-2857 [4] [9] Gabarra L. 0000-0002-8486-8856 [10] Gruppioni C. 0000-0002-5836-4056 [4] Humphrey A. [11] [12] La Franca F. 0000-0002-1239-2721 [13] Mancini C. 0000-0002-4297-0561 [14] Pozzetti L. 0000-0001-7085-0412 [4] Serjeant S. 0000-0002-0517-7943 [15] Spinoglio L. 0000-0001-8840-1551 [16] Van Mierlo S.E. 0000-0001-8289-2863 [5] Andreon S. 0000-0002-2041-8784 [17] Auricchio N. 0000-0003-4444-8651 [4] Baldi M. 0000-0003-4145-1943 [4] [9] [18] Bardelli S. 0000-0002-8900-0298 [4] Battaglia P. [4] Bender R. 0000-0001-7179-0626 [19] [20] Bodendorf C. [19] Bonino D. [16] Branchini E. 0000-0002-0808-6908 [17] [21] [22] Brescia M. 0000-0001-9506-5680 [23] [24] [25] Brinchmann J. 0000-0003-4359-8797 [12] Camera S. 0000-0003-3399-3574 [16] [26] [27] Capobianco V. 0000-0002-3309-7692 [16] Carbone C. 0000-0003-0125-3563 [14] Carretero J. 0000-0002-3130-0204 [28] [29] Casas S. 0000-0002-4751-5138 [30] Castellano M. 0000-0001-9875-8263 [31] Cavuoti S. 0000-0002-3787-4196 [24] [25] Cimatti A. 0000-0002-4409-5633 [9] Cledassou R. 0000-0002-8313-2230 [32] [33] Congedo G. 0000-0003-2508-0046 [34] Conselice C.J. 0000-0003-1949-7638 [35] Conversi L. 0000-0002-6710-8476 [36] [37] Copin Y. 0000-0002-5317-7518 [38] Corcione L. 0000-0002-6497-5881 [16] Courbin F. 0000-0003-0758-6510 [39] Courtois H.M. 0000-0003-0509-1776 [33] Da Silva A. 0000-0002-6385-1609 [40] Degaudenzi H. 0000-0002-5887-6799 [41] Di Giorgio A.M. 0000-0002-4767-2360 [16] Dinis J. [40] Dubath F. 0000-0002-6533-2810 [41] Dupac X. [37] Dusini S. 0000-0002-1128-0664 [42] Ealet A. [38] Farina M. [16] Farrens S. 0000-0002-9594-9387 [7] Ferriol S. [38] Fotopoulou S. 0000-0002-9686-254X [43] Franceschi E. 0000-0002-0585-6591 [4] Galeotta S. 0000-0002-3748-5115 [8] Garilli B. 0000-0001-7455-8750 [14] Gillard W. 0000-0003-4744-9748 [44] Gillis B. 0000-0002-4478-1270 [34] Giocoli C. 0000-0002-9590-7961 [4] [18] Grazian A. 0000-0002-5688-0663 [3] Grupp F. [19] [20] Guzzo L. [17] [45] [46] Haugan S.V.H. 0000-0001-9648-7260 [47] Hook I. 0000-0002-2960-978X [48] Hormuth F. [49] Hornstrup A. 0000-0002-3363-0936 [6] [50] Jahnke K. 0000-0003-3804-2137 [51] Kummel M. 0000-0003-2791-2117 [20] Kermiche S. 0000-0002-0302-5735 [44] Kiessling A. 0000-0002-2590-1273 [52] Kilbinger M. 0000-0001-9513-7138 [7] Kitching T. 0000-0002-4061-4598 [53] Kurki-Suonio H. 0000-0002-4618-3063 [54] [55] Ligori S. 0000-0003-4172-4606 [16] Lilje P.B. 0000-0003-4324-7794 [47] Lindholm V. 0000-0003-2317-5471 [54] [55] Lloro I. [56] Maino D. [14] [45] [46] Maiorano E. 0000-0003-2593-4355 [4] Mansutti O. 0000-0001-5758-4658 [8] Marggraf O. 0000-0001-7242-3852 [57] Martinet N. 0000-0003-2786-7790 [58] Marulli F. 0000-0002-8850-0303 [4] [9] [18] Massey R. 0000-0002-6085-3780 [59] Medinaceli E. 0000-0002-4040-7783 [4] Melchior M. [60] Mellier Y. [61] Meneghetti M. 0000-0003-1225-7084 [4] [18] Merlin E. 0000-0001-6870-8900 [31] Moresco M. 0000-0002-7616-7136 [4] [9] Moscardini L. 0000-0002-3473-6716 [4] [9] [18] Munari E. 0000-0002-1751-5946 [8] Nichol R.C. [62] Niemi S.M. [63] Padilla C. 0000-0001-7951-0166 [29] Paltani S. 0000-0002-8108-9179 [41] Pasian F. [8] Pedersen K. 0000-0002-7876-0435 [64] Pettorino V. [7] Pires S. 0000-0002-0249-2104 [7] Polenta G. 0000-0003-4067-9196 [65] Poncet M. [32] Popa L. [66] Raison F. 0000-0002-7819-6918 [19] Renzi A. 0000-0001-9856-1970 [2] [42] Rhodes J. 0000-0002-4485-8549 [52] Riccio G. [25] Romelli E. 0000-0003-3069-9222 [8] Roncarelli M. 0000-0003-0378-7032 [4] Rossetti E. [9] Saglia R. 0000-0003-0378-7032 [19] [20] Sapone D. 0000-0001-7089-4503 [67] Sartoris B. [8] [20] Schneider P. 0000-0002-5094-2245 [57] Schrabback T. 0000-0002-6987-7834 [68] Secroun A. 0000-0003-0505-3710 [44] Seidel G. 0000-0003-2907-353X [51] Serrano S. 0000-0002-0211-2861 [69] [70] Sirignano C. 0000-0002-0995-7146 [2] [42] Sirri G. 0000-0003-2626-2853 [18] Stanco L. 0000-0002-9706-5104 [42] Surace C. 0000-0003-2592-0113 [58] Tallada-Crespi P. 0000-0002-1336-8328 [28] [71] Teplitz H.I. 0000-0002-7064-5424 [72] Tereno I. [40] Toledo-Moreo R. 0000-0002-2997-4859 [73] Torradeflot F. 0000-0003-1160-1517 [28] [71] Tutusaus I. 0000-0002-3199-0399 [74] Valentijn E.A. [5] Vassallo T. 0000-0001-6512-6358 [8] [20] Veropalumbo A. 0000-0003-2387-1194 [17] [22] Wang Y. 0000-0002-4749-2984 [72] Weller J. 0000-0002-8282-2010 [19] [20] Williams O.R. [75] Zoubian J. [44] Zucca E. 0000-0002-5845-8132 [4] Burigana C. 0000-0002-3005-5796 [4] [18] Scottez V. [61]Affiliations
- [1] Universidad Diego Portales [NORA names: Chile; America, South; OECD];
- [2] University of Padova [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [3] INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [4] INAF [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [5] Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [6] Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) [NORA names: KU University of Copenhagen; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [7] Université Paris-Saclay [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [8] Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [9] Università di Bologna [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [10] University of Oxford [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [11] Departamento de Fisica [NORA names: Portugal; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [12] Universidade Do Porto [NORA names: Portugal; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [13] Università Roma Tre [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [14] INAF [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [15] Open University [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [16] INAF [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [17] Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [18] INFN Sezione di Bologna [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [19] Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [20] Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [21] Dipartimento di Fisica [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [22] INFN Sezione di Genova [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [23] Università di Napoli [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [24] INFN Sezione di Napoli [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [25] INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [26] Sezione INFN [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [27] University of Turin [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [28] Port d'Informació Científica [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [29] Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [30] RWTH Aachen University [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [31] INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [32] CNES [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [33] IN2P3-CNRS [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [34] Institute for Astronomy [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [35] University of Manchester [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [36] European Space Agency/ESRIN [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [37] ESAC [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [38] Université Lyon 1 [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [39] Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [40] Universidade de Lisboa [NORA names: Portugal; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [41] Observatoire de Genève [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [42] Sezione di Padova [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [43] University of Bristol [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [44] CPPM [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [45] Dipartimento di Fisica [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [46] INFN Sezione di Milano [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [47] University of Oslo [NORA names: Norway; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [48] Lancaster University [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [49] Von Hoerner and Sulger GmbH [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [50] Technical University of Denmark [NORA names: DTU Technical University of Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [51] Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [52] California Institute of Technology [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [53] Mullard Space Science Laboratory [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [54] Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP) [NORA names: Finland; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [55] University of Helsinki [NORA names: Finland; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [56] ASTRON [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [57] University of Bonn [NORA names: Germany; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [58] CNRS [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [59] Durham University [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [60] University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [61] Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [62] University of Surrey [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [63] ESTEC [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [64] Aarhus University [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [65] Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center [NORA names: Italy; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [66] Institute of Space Science (ISS) [NORA names: Romania; Europe, EU];
- [67] Universidad de Chile [NORA names: Chile; America, South; OECD];
- [68] Leopold-Franzens-Universität [NORA names: Austria; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [69] Campus UAB [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [70] Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [71] Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [72] California Institute of Technology [NORA names: United States; America, North; OECD];
- [73] Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena [NORA names: Spain; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [74] CNRS [NORA names: France; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [75] University of Groningen [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD]
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Abstract
Context. ALMA observations show that dusty, distant, massive (M* & 1011 M ) galaxies usually have a remarkable star-formation activity, contributing of the order of 25% of the cosmic star-formation rate density at z 3 5, and up to 30% at z ∼ 7. Nonetheless, they are elusive in classical optical surveys, and current near-IR surveys are able to detect them only in very small sky areas. Since these objects have low space densities, deep and wide surveys are necessary to obtain statistically relevant results about them. Euclid will potentially be capable of delivering the required information, but, given the lack of spectroscopic features at these distances within its bands, it is still unclear if Euclid will be able to identify and characterise these objects. Aims. The goal of this work is to assess the capability of Euclid, together with ancillary optical and near-IR data, to identify these distant, dusty, and massive galaxies based on broadband photometry. Methods. We used a gradient-boosting algorithm to predict both the redshift and spectral type of objects at high z. To perform such an analysis, we made use of simulated photometric observations that mimic the Euclid Deep Survey, derived using the state-of-the-art Spectro-Photometric Realizations of Infrared-selected Targets at all-z (SPRITZ) software. Results. The gradient-boosting algorithm was found to be accurate in predicting both the redshift and spectral type of objects within the simulated Euclid Deep Survey catalogue at z > 2, while drastically decreasing the runtime with respect to spectral-energy-distribution-fitting methods. In particular, we studied the analogue of HIEROs (i.e. sources selected on the basis of a red H - [4:5] > 2:25), combining Euclid and Spitzer data at the depth of the Deep Fields. These sources include the bulk of obscured and massive galaxies in a broad redshift range, 3 < z < 7. We find that the dusty population at 3 . z . 7 is well identified, with a redshift root mean squared error and catastrophic outlier fraction of only 0:55 and 8:5% (HE = 26), respectively. Our findings suggest that with Euclid we will obtain meaningful insights into the impact of massive and dusty galaxies on the cosmic star-formation rate over time.
Keywords
Funders
- Nederlandse Onderzoekschool Voor Astronomie
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales
- Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation
- Canadian Euclid Consortium
- Swiss Space Office
- Suomen Akatemia
- Norsk Romsenter
- European Space Agency
- Agenția Spațială Română
- United Kingdom Space Agency
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
- Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Asher Space Research Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Data Provider: Elsevier
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