Corrigendum: Side-effects of laser weeding: quantifying off-target risks to earthworms (Enchytraeids) and insects (Tenebrio molitor and Adalia bipunctata)(Front. Agron., (2023), 5, (1198840), 10.3389/fagro.2023.1198840)

In the published article, the dosages were calculated incorrectly. We have therefore made a number of corrections to the text. In the Abstract, the sentence “In all earthworms experiments except one, the mortality rates of the worms living in the uppermost soil layer of clay, sandy, and organic soil exposed to laser heating were not significantly different from the controls even with laser dosages up to 236 J mm.” should read “In all earthworms experiments except one, the mortality rates of the worms living in the uppermost soil layer of clay, sandy, and organic soil exposed to laser heating were not significantly different from the controls even with laser dosages up to 23.8 J mm.” In the Introduction, paragraph 8, the sentences “A laser energy dose of 236 J mm may be used to control seedlings of weeds in agricultural and horticultural fields. Weed plants on the cotyledons and two permanent leaf stages are usually killed when they are exposed to 157 J mm (Heisel et al., 2002; Andreasen et al., 2022). We also exposed larvae, pupae, and beetles of T. molitor and the A. bipunctata beetle to increasing doses of laser energy. We hypothesized that all organisms would be negatively affected if they were exposed to an energy level of 79−236 J mm) which may be used to control dicotyledon and monocotyledon weeds at the early stages of development (Coleman et al., 2021; Andreasen et al., 2022).” should read “A laser energy dose of 15 J mm may be used to control seedlings of weeds in agricultural and horticultural fields. Weed plants on the cotyledons and two permanent leaf stages are usually killed when they are exposed to 10 J mm (Heisel et al., 2002; Andreasen et al., 2022). We also exposed larvae, pupae, and beetles of T. molitor and the A. bipunctata beetle to increasing doses of laser energy. We hypothesized that all organisms would be negatively affected if they were exposed to an energy level of 8–24 J mm) which may be used to control dicotyledon and monocotyledon weeds at the early stages of development (Coleman et al., 2021; Andreasen et al., 2022).” In Section 2.1, paragraph 2, the sentence “The target organisms were placed approximately 40 cm below the laser head and exposed to increasing dosages of laser energy (from 0 to 235.71 J mm)” should read “The target organisms were placed approximately 40 cm below the laser head and exposed to increasing dosages of laser energy (from 0 to 23.9 J mm).” In Section 2.2.2, paragraph 2, the sentences “After the soil was placed in the tubes three worms were transfer to each tube and kept for one day in a climate cabinet in darkness at 20°C ± 2°C before laser treatment. For each soil type and laser doses (0 (control), 0.5, 1, and 1.5 seconds corresponding to 0, 78.6, 157.1, and 235.7 J m), 10 tubes with three E. albidus worms and 10 tubes with three E. crypticus worms were used.” should read “After the soil was placed in the tubes three worms were transferred to each tube and kept for one day in a climate cabinet in darkness at 20°C ± 2°C before laser treatment.