Article,
Diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy: Consensus, recommendations, and resources from acquisition to modeling
Contributors
Ligneul C.
0000-0001-5673-3009
(Corresponding author)
[1]
Najac C.
0000-0002-7804-2281
[2]
Doring A.
0000-0002-2096-5374
[3]
[4]
Beaulieu C.
0000-0002-2342-3298
[5]
Branzoli F.
0000-0001-9792-0492
[6]
Clarke W.T.
0000-0001-7159-7025
[1]
Cudalbu C.
0000-0003-4582-2465
[4]
[7]
Genovese G.
0000-0001-9409-0120
[8]
Jbabdi S.
0000-0003-3234-5639
[1]
Jelescu I.
0000-0002-3664-0195
[9]
[10]
Karampinos D.
0000-0003-4922-3662
[11]
Kreis R.
0000-0002-8618-6875
[12]
Lundell H.
0000-0002-7044-442X
[13]
[14]
Marjanska M.
0000-0002-4727-2447
[8]
Moller H.E.
0000-0002-5659-1925
[15]
Mosso J.
0000-0001-6318-9507
[4]
[7]
Posse S.
0000-0002-4816-080X
[17]
Ruschke S.
0000-0001-9658-6541
[11]
Simsek K.
0000-0003-4044-7395
[3]
[18]
Szczepankiewicz F.
0000-0002-5251-587X
[19]
Tal A.
0000-0001-6718-6522
[20]
Tax C.M.W.
0000-0002-7480-8817
[18]
[21]
Oeltzschner G.
0000-0003-3083-9811
[22]
[23]
Palombo M.
0000-0003-4892-7967
[3]
[18]
Ronen I.
0000-0002-6872-4895
[24]
Valette J.
0000-0002-2067-5051
[16]
Affiliations
- [1] University of Oxford [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [2] Leiden University Medical Center [NORA names: Netherlands; Europe, EU; OECD];
- [3] Cardiff University [NORA names: United Kingdom; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [4] Center for BioMedical Imaging (CIBM) [NORA names: Switzerland; Europe, Non-EU; OECD];
- [5] University of Alberta [NORA names: Canada; America, North; OECD];
(... more)
Abstract
Brain cell structure and function reflect neurodevelopment, plasticity, and aging; and changes can help flag pathological processes such as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Accurate and quantitative methods to noninvasively disentangle cellular structural features are needed and are a substantial focus of brain research. Diffusion-weighted MRS (dMRS) gives access to diffusion properties of endogenous intracellular brain metabolites that are preferentially located inside specific brain cell populations. Despite its great potential, dMRS remains a challenging technique on all levels: from the data acquisition to the analysis, quantification, modeling, and interpretation of results. These challenges were the motivation behind the organization of the Lorentz Center workshop on “Best Practices & Tools for Diffusion MR Spectroscopy” held in Leiden, the Netherlands, in September 2021. During the workshop, the dMRS community established a set of recommendations to execute robust dMRS studies. This paper provides a description of the steps needed for acquiring, processing, fitting, and modeling dMRS data, and provides links to useful resources.
