Article,
Are Icelandic harbor seals acoustically cryptic to avoid predation?
Contributors
Rossler H.
0000-0003-0166-9155
(Corresponding author)
[1]
Tougaard J.
0000-0002-4422-7800
[2]
Rasmussen M.H.
0000-0002-6887-8616
[3]
Granquist S.M.
0000-0001-6503-5499
[4]
Wahlberg M.
0000-0002-8239-5485
[1]
Affiliations
- [1] University of Southern Denmark [NORA names: SDU University of Southern Denmark; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [2] Aarhus University [NORA names: AU Aarhus University; University; Denmark; Europe, EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [3] University of Iceland [NORA names: Iceland; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD];
- [4] Marine and Freshwater Research Institute [NORA names: Iceland; Europe, Non-EU; Nordic; OECD]
Abstract
Male harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) produce stereotypic underwater roars during the mating season. It remains unclear to what extent roar structures vary due to predation levels. Here, seal roars from waters with many (Iceland) and few (Denmark and Sweden) predators were compared. Most Icelandic roars included a long pulse train and a pause. Icelandic roars occurred less frequently, lasted longer (20.3 ± 6.5 s), and were recorded with lower received sound levels (98.3 ± 8.9 dB re 1 μPa root mean square) than roars from Denmark and Sweden. Local extrinsic factors may shape sound production in harbor seals more than previously reported.
